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IP Addressing Interview Questions and Answers

What is the IP address and its format?
An IP address is a is a software address assigned to each machine on an IP network. It specifies the location of a device on the network. It allows hosts on one network to communicate with a host on a different network.
It is 32 bits of information. These 32 bits are divided into four sections referred to as octets or bytes. Each octet contains 1 byte (8 bits).
An IP address can be depicted using one of three methods:
1. Dotted - decimal, example - 172.16.30.56
2. Binary - 10101100.00010000.00011110.00111000
3. Hexadecimal - AC.10.1E.38

What are the different Classes of IP address and give the range of each class?
There are five classes of IP addresses:-
Class A - 1 to 127  (127 cannot be used as it is loopback Address)
Class B - 128 to 191
Class C - 192 to 223
Class D - 224 to 239 (MULTICAST ADDRESSES)
Class E - 240 to 255 (RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT)

Class A address 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255  are reserved for loopback addresses.

What are Private addresses and Give the range of Private Addresses?
These addresses can be used only on the private network. They cannot be routed through the Internet. Private IP addresses are designed for security and they also save valuable IP address space.
Class A - 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
Class B - 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
Class C - 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

What is the subnet mask?
A subnet mask is a 32-bit value that allows the recipient of IP packets to distinguish the network ID portion of the IP address from the host ID portion of the IP address.

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